Essay about Advice to Youth and Mark Twain - 890 Words

Mark Twain, known at the time to be a humorous author, wrote a speech on ‘Advice to Youth.’ Twain gives several pieces of advice all with a twist of honesty attached. The way this speech was written suggest that it would have been delivered at a graduation ceremony. Perhaps Twain was asked to speak at a college graduation ceremony and was going to deliver this speech. It is the perfect speech to relate to youth. Twain’s advice begins with â€Å"always obey your parents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Norton, 550) which is sound advice. The rule of obeying one’s parents comes right from the Ten Commandments. Obeying one’s parents is a rule that is as old as time, engraved in everyday teachings. Twain twists this idea and adds â€Å"†¦ when they are present† (Norton, 550) saying†¦show more content†¦Twain is relating to the target audience. Twain is getting into the shoes of a youth in their era. This is one way to get the youth to listen and resp ond in a positive way. Twain writes every sentence positively then ends sarcastically. â€Å"If a person offends you †¦ hit him with a brick† (Norton, 550). This line is hilarious. Twain is telling young adults it is ok to act out aggressively, just wait for the appropriate time and place. Also, if it is the wrong person you act out against just apologize and everything will be fine. The lark is commonly used as a symbol in a variety of ways. Twain uses the lark in the part about going to bed early and waking up early. Waking up with the sun is the normal time to rise for the year this was written. Depending on the time of year the sun usually rises at about seven in the morning. Twain says to wake up with a lark is respectable but â€Å"you can easily train him to get up at half past nine† (Norton, 550). Meaning on average this would give you an extra two and a half hours to sleep in. This is evidence showing that Twain is writing to teens or college students bec ause they are usually the ones who like to sleep the day away. Mark Twain’s advice on lying is do not get caught. Twain says â€Å"once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the good and the pure† (Norton, 550) Meaning once a person lies, that person is a liar. Branded like cattle, forever having a mark of the liar. It literally scars aShow MoreRelatedAdvice For The Youth By Mark Twain1344 Words   |  6 Pagesof roles they acquire on a daily basis. In the memoir Advice to the Youth by Mark Twain, it relates a lot to identity, especially mine. The memoir gives advice to children about key topics that Twain thinks are important for the youth to know while growing up. I can relate to the passage because I have a younger sister that I love to teach things to. I always strive to do the right thing to be a good influence on her. In the passage, Twain also makes references to controversial topics that AmericaRead MoreThe Use of Irony in Advice to Youth by Mark Twain1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of irony in Advice to Youth by Mark Twain â€Å"(born Nov. 30, 1835, Florida, Mo., U.S.—died April 21, 1910, Redding, Conn.) American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885). A gifted raconteur, distinctiveRead MoreMark Twain Advice to Youth Summary5237 Words   |  21 PagesThe Origins of the Constitution Gordon S. Wood, Brown University When did the story of the Constitution begin? Some might say it ABOUT THE began over 2500 years ago in the city-states of ancient Greece. AUTHOR Others might place its beginnings nearly three-quarters of a millennium back in the fields of Runnymede. Still others might say Gordon S. Wood, is professor of history at the Constitution had its origins three centuries or so ago during Brown University, and the the tumultuous years of theRead MoreMark Twains Advice to Youth954 Words   |  4 Pagesstyle, tone and voice. In Mark Twains â€Å"Advice to Youth† his style and tone really allow for him to capture his audience. Twains humor allows for the young audience to relate to what he is saying. This humor also helps them to connect with the speaker by allowing them to feel more comfortable. Twain also uses repetition in a unique way that allows for his speech to have a specific structure, that further enhances his writing. When looking at Mark Twains Advice to Youth one very obvious strategyRead MoreJonathan Swift Satire Analysis1108 Words   |  5 Pagesomparing Irony In both Mark Twain and Jonathan Swift’s articles there is an effective use of irony. Irony in satirical writing is normally used for the speaker to convey the opposite intended meaning to which they are stating; along with antiphrasis, the use of a word when the opposite meaning is implied, irony makes a valuable asset to satirical literature. The sarcastic use of irony was input to both readings to express the writer’s disappointment towards their societies teachings during theirRead MoreThemes Of Huckleberry Finn3483 Words   |  14 Pagesbriefly show arguments, and conclusions within the writings of Mark Twain’s story Huckleberry Finn. I will discuss the various themes that Mark Twain is bringing to light within his story. This paper will show how Mark Twain uses those themes within the story, and how they are specifically used. I will also briefly discuss the life of Samuel Clemons, the author known as Mark Twain, and give the reasoning behind choosing the n ame of Mark Twain when writing his novels. Themes of escapism will be discussedRead MoreAnalysis Of The s Romeo And Juliet 2095 Words   |  9 Pagessixth century BCE in which there were figures wearing wings. The story slowly was created and eventually written in Latin (Hyde). Writing about the creation of this myth Jim Marks said, â€Å"The pairing of a legendary craftsman with a protà ©gà ©, or apprentice, is a common theme in a number of ancient eastern Mediterranean Myths.† (Marks). This is clearly a reflection of society during that time period and the importance they held on making new discoveries. People back then did not think flight was even possibleRead MoreChild Rearing (19th Century)6310 Words   |  26 Pages | | | |Bibliography |21 | 1. Introduction Many of educational child-rearing advices were produced during the 19th century in America. The good thing about these works is that they not only give us insights into what 19th-century writers thought parents should do, but also an idea of what parents actually were doing. LiteratureRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson s President Of The United States1833 Words   |  8 Pagesopportunity at a great education. This problem is very evident in our current society, but it is also a popular topic in classic literature. Such an example would be found in the time-honored novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by the legendary Mark Twain. In Huckleberry Finn, we follow Huckleberry’s adventures through the American Midwest in the 1800s. Throughout most of the novel, Huck spends his time with Jim, a black man who escaped the clutches of slavery. In the novel, Jim says, â€Å"Well, it’sRead MoreThe Discourse Community Of The English Subject2328 Words   |  10 Pages and the Elizabethan Period. Of course with every discourse community there are a vast number of people who help to make it up. In the discourse community of English some of these people include author and playwright William Shakespeare, author Mark Twain, author and poet Jane Austen , and a slew of famous African-American authors some including Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Lorraine Hansberry, and poet Maya Angelou. African American Literature: Urban Fiction The aspect of the English discourse

My Mom Essay - 714 Words

My mom is the most important person to me, and I look up to her so much! She volunteers in so many different things in the community, and that’s what makes her such a good role model to me. I think she passed on a lot of her good traits to me, which I am very grateful for! She grew up on a farm near Buxton, North Dakota, and had a younger sister and brother. After High School in Climax, she was off to NDSU! â€Å"I’m going to live in a BIG city with my husband being a city man,† she always said when she was young. That all changed when she met my dad at NDSU. She never expected to fall in love with a farm kid from NDSU, but she did. After college, they got married and moved out to our farm here. I guess her view on living in the city with a†¦show more content†¦She is also the best cook, and I don’t think I could survive without her food! She always makes sure we eat the best meals every day, and cooks a wide variety of the most delicious food. My favorite food is stir-fry, and she can make ultimate stir-fry! She’s even taught me how to cook and prepare it. My mom works so hard every day cooking meals for events she’s volunteered at, and is always baking the most delicious goodies for every occasion. When my dad and our hired men are operating out in the field, she always makes sure to bring out mouthwatering meals for them! Cooking is one of her best talents, and I hope one day I can be as good as a cook as her! The only fault about her is that†¦she speeds a lot. She’s like a cheetah on the highway!! She’s definitely very prone to speeding, which is why my dad and the workers on our farm regard her as â€Å"110 Jen†, because sometimes it seems she’s going 110 miles per hour! At least it means when she bolts down the highway as fast as she can we get to our destination faster on long road trips! I hope one day I will turn out to be like my mom, because I think she is an example of a person who is not only kind, but also talented, generous, and so supportive and understanding. She always tells me to â€Å"Treat others how you want to be treated,† and that’s the motto by which she lives by. We know we love each other so much, and I couldn’t imagine living in a world with a different mom. She is the bestShow MoreRelatedMy Mom Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I was younger I never really had a mother because my parents had got a divorce when I was 5 and I’ve never seen her ever since then. Because of this my Dad had to provide for my sister and I, with him working forty hours a week and always having to take my sister and I to a babysitter. My dad is the hardest working person I have ever met. With my dad working and me and my sister at a babysitter my dad never really had time with us and he was very lonely in having someone else in his life. HeR ead MoreMy Mom Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMy mom is my hero because of all the things she has done for me. She has my back no matter what and is always on the bright side. But to go off track for a little minute I was born in Seattle, Washington. My mom was Born In Mogadishu, Somalia but moved from her country at the age of 15. She went off with her mom aka my sweet little grandma. They had to go through a lot starting over and getting to the united states. But luckily my mom and grandmother made it here to Minnesota. My mom and grandmaRead MoreMy Mom Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesoften wondered if my mother would have chosen to immigrate to the United States of America, after repatriating to Holland, to begin a new life from absolutely nothing but the clothes on our backs for the second time, if my parents had stayed together. Was it their divorce that inspired Mom to lead us on our path to prosperity? Eventually I understood that my Mom’s ultimate motivation was her vision of a brighter future for her family, regardless of her marital status. In Holland, Mom could not bareRead MoreMy Mom Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesyour decision whether you grab it or let it hit you in the gut. That is why I believe my mother would be the best choice as to a guide through high school. To begin with, my mother’s childhood was full of dark and scary situations. For instance she did not have a very good father. My grandfather was an abusive man who did not really care about his children. Which really took a toll on my mom. With that being said, my mother had to make a very grown up decision at a very young age. Even though she lovedRead MoreMy Mom Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesEvery little girl needs her daddy, I would say Im definitely a daddys girl ever since I was little and even now as an adult. My dad and I have a really close relationship we, can go on for hours talking to each other when I would come home from school every day, I would always tell my dad about my day, and he would just sit there and listen to me. That was my favorite part of the day that I would always look forward to. But I never thought that one day, maybe that would change I never thought thatRead More My Mom the Powerhouse Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages My Mom the Powerhouse One of the biggest influences in my life is my Mom. She is one of 10 children born to an Appalachian coal miner who could not read or write. Her family lived in the mountains of Kentucky in a little cottage that had no running water and no electricity. She read by kerosene lamp. As a child, she attended a one-room schoolhouse, which also had no electricity and no running water. There was one teacher for eight grades, and each row in the classroom wasRead MoreMy Goal Is to be a Mom Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagesalways wanted to be a mother but not just any mother - I want to be a Mom. Yes that’s right with a capital â€Å"M† every time it is spoken or written. The quintessential Mom for my children. But just what is a Mom? A Mom is someone who is there her children even when she is not at her best and no matter what she will always have a smile waiting for them. The worse flu’s and best colds’ shall never keep her from her duties as a Mom. Lunches must be pack, children’s shoes on the correct feet, no soccerRead MoreNarrative Essay : My Mom1041 Words   |  5 Pagesnarrative, I interviewed my mom, Amanda Lopez. At first, she seems mean. That’s very blunt but it’s true. My mom is a very guarded and self-reserved person. She does have manners and she is nice but, she won’t open up immediately to a new person. She is also very hard working and independent. She wasn’t born with these qualities, she went through a lot of different struggles, but that’s how she ended up where she is today. My mom didn’t have a very good high school experience. Her mom always moved, whichRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Mom951 Words   |  4 PagesIn my 16 years of life thus far, few people have influenced me more than my mother. She is the reason I have a life, after all, and I am extremely thankful for her and everything she does for me. Mothers tend to be great listeners and advice-givers for their children. I am fortunate enough to have my mother be a professional counselor, making her exceptional at both qualities. A couple of years ago, she earned a master’s degree, became both a school counselor and a clinical counselor, and specializedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Mom1556 Words   |  7 Pagescomplications yet the only thing I developed was bad eye sight. When my mother was able to hold me three months after I was born she made a promise to me that she will be a good mom. My mom carries characteristics like inspiration, trustworthiness, and being positiv e, which makes her the best mom. My mom is the manager of a daycare called Panda Hugs Learning Center. I volunteered, worked, and attended the daycare myself. Since I was little, my mom noticed that I tend to be with the children that have disabilities

Impact Of Mass Incarceration On The Community Essay Example For Students

Impact Of Mass Incarceration On The Community Essay Mass incarceration can be defined as the incarceration or imprisonment of a large number of people. According to the Prison Policy Initiative blog (March 2014), the current rates of mass incarceration in the U.S are as follows: Local Jails has 721,654 inmates, Federal prisons 216, 362 prisoners and state prisons have 1,362,028 of prisoners. To have a better understanding, those in local jails are awaiting for trial while federal prisoners are in there because of drugs, weapons and immigration offenses, etc.; However, those in state prisons being the number of prisoners alarming are there because of murder, robbery, assault, public order, etc. Hence, those numbers make U.S the country with the highest number of prisoners. Even though the number of people that we have in actuality in prison has reduced, the statistics still show very disproportionate numbers. So the question to ask will be, are we overusing prison for not too serious offenses? Or is crime increasing among the states? Most of the time when we talk about crime or prison most people think the main reason is drugs; however, statistics from March 2014 mentioned above show the opposite. There are more serious offenses like murder and assaults going on out there, but as drug use/sale is becoming controversial we constantly attribute crime to drugs. The effects of mass incarceration don’t only affect those behind bars, but also the rest of society outside. It’s not only about the inmate himself but also his family and society in general. Most prisoners face very critical situations when they get out of prison, because they paid for their crime but they will still be labeled as criminals making it almost impossible to reintegrate in society as a non-offender. Most prisoners depending on the crime committed are restricted from having driving licenses, not access to about 60 percent of jobs and education, housing and even prohibited from voting in federal elections. Hence, how as a society are we expecting prisoners to change and stay out of crime? The lack of access to resources put offenders at more risk of committing crime again, they feel incapable of surviving without a decent job, and not even get government financial aid for school and housing. Most people refer to prisons as the pill that cures most ills because of the incorporation and the reinforcement of new drug laws more people are going to prison. Non-violent crimes associated with drugs are now seen more serious, and therefore handled with more precaution and severity. Consequences? Community starts paying higher taxes because prison budget increases; including health care, food, electricity, etc. in prison becomes more of a problem because the more people get locked up, the more the more prison spends to keep the prisoners in decent conditions. On the other hand, families are considered to be the most affected by mass incarceration (Lynch, J. P., Sabol, W. J. 2004). Assuming that it leads to a lot of single mothers raising little kids by themselves in poor and dangerous neighborhoods, increasing the possibility in those young males to become criminals. Sometimes its not by choice, they have to protect and defend themselves from others getting involved in gangs, drug selling, dropping school and just live by the street settings. In the case of the mothers they usually become more afraid to interact with other males in the community as well as unstable for the simple reason that she has to play the role of mother and man of the house; holding up the responsibility of leading the kids towards a better future and assuring to afford all their needs. Male Initiation Rituals EssayEven professionals get judged based on mass incarceration and law enforcement trust. As future CRJ professionals we are constantly criticized because Hispanics/Latinos and Blacks are not known to be successful in the law enforcement field. Yes it’s true that being part of a racial group with high rates of crime and imprisonment it’s challenging but that doesn’t mean it defines who we are and what benefits we can bring to law enforcement future with our knowledge and dedication. Some people say that we are working in this field to deal with the problems of our own people. We know that because of lack of education and understanding of the system it seems challenging to access CRJ system and stand out but because we come from a criminal race and community doesn’t mean we will constantly break the law. Even families disagree with their kids to be part in what they call a slacking system that takes advantage of poor families of ou r own race. Nonetheless, when those inmates come back to their neighborhoods and try to form part of the community as a non-offender creates a lot of fear and speculations. People start thinking that they will keep themselves engaged in criminal behaviors and therefore attract other young kids to do the same. Do people commit crime by choice? That’s a pretty much controversial topic because in one end yes people should be able to rationalize about what’s right or wrong and make the right choices; however, the community setting such as poor crappy schools, lacking of resources, careless parents, drug selling like candies in every corner and peer pressure are some of the reasons that might get young males of our community to associate with those reintegrated offenders to our community. However, it is not rational the way that our own people mostly blacks and Hispanics label others only by their mistakes, yes you automatically lose trust in some people but a second chance to reintegra te shouldn’t highlight how judgmental we are as a society. Besides the economic impact of mass incarceration, the emotional and moral damage is even worse. Just by the fact of been labeled as a criminal prevents many people with criminal records to have a normal life. Not getting access to a decent job to afford their families’ needs, a house and even a driver license it’s very hard to get used to; most of them believe they don’t even have any autonomy anymore. And more over those kids growing up without their parents, missing the family support makes their lives harder to deal with. Therefore, mass incarceration has become a huge impact in our community and working along with the CRJ system and implementing fairness would be such a good help in order to give prisoners the chance to change their future. References †¢ Martensen, K. (2012). The price that US minority communities pay: mass incarceration and the ideologies that fuel them. Contemporary Justice Review, 15(2), 211-222. doi:10.1080/10282580.2012.681165 †¢ Lynch, J. P., Sabol, W. J. (2004). ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF MASS INCARCERATION ON INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN COMMUNITIES. Criminology Public Policy, 3(2), 267-293. †¢ Mary Pattillo, David Weiman, and Bruce Western, Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration †¢ Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration by Mary Pattillo; David Weiman; Bruce Western. †¢ Mauer, M. (2011). Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration. Prison Journal, 91(3), 87S-101S. doi:10.1177/0032885511415227 †¢ Prashad, V. (2014). Towards a Happy Ending. Socialism Democracy, 28(3), 24-34. doi:10.1080/08854300.2014.957008

World Civilization Essays - Windows Games, Cultural Anthropology

World Civilization What are the major defining characteristics of a civilization? How has the defining characteristics of a civilization in the past been evolved to better people's lives today? Many factors have been used to develop a civilization. Some have been more effective than others have. Throughout this paper, I plan on analyzing the factors that perennial civilizations before our time used to become effective and prosperous. I will also describe what factors they had and how some of those factors became very important to today?s society. Most of the perennial civilizations have been revolutionized throughout the years to enhance the way of life even today. Many people have debated if civilization was evolutionary or passed down progressively with people learning from their mistakes. Some people claim other reasons for civilization to be far greater than the others. Other people claim that all of the reasons in the coming about of civilization played a balance part . I really don't know which reason were more influential than the others, but I do know that all these ?theories? are hard to be proven flawless. Civilization represents the highest level of human organization. But, how did civilization get to be the impressive and astonishing way it is today? I will use the most prominent civilizations of the past to evaluate what the important characteristics were that helped design society as it is today and made the evolution process of civilization smoothly and successful. I will use Article #11(written by John Pfieffer, Horizon, fall 1972; Article #9 (written by Jared Diamond, Discover, June 1994); and Article #39 (written by David Landes, History Today, January 1984) to shed light on my topic. Article #11, How Man Invented Cities, talked about the rise of urbanizations in civilizations. Webster defines civilization as a relatively high level of cultural and technological development and/or the culture characteristic of a time or place. Many people use the word civilization to mean ?urbanization? or ?sophistication?. The word is often applied to one's own group; by implication, other groups are denigrated as less civilized or as civilized barbarians. Pfieffer depicted urbanization, a key to prominent civilizations, as unplanned and a rose from a combination of population pressures and plentiful local food resources. This theory is very logic. It might have been very coincidental, but it was a very significant and important coincidence in the world of civilizations. The transition from nomadic life to urbanization took a mere five or six millenniums, practically overnight on the evolutionary time scale. It occurred so swiftly and widespread that man hardly had a chance to get use to it, but they were able to handle it and make the best of it. Urbanization gave people a chance to interact with each other, unlike the previous nomadic lives in tribes. This made people working together a more important role, in contrast to everyone taking care of themselves in early civilizations. Trade, agriculture and other commerce ignited monopolies due to the rise of urbanization. The rise of urbanization brought change that people accepted because everyone, especially society, wants to be ?civilized?. Most of the time society i s misguided, but in this situation society played an important role in establishing urbanization and the rise of civilization with civilized people. Most importantly urbanization led to communication. Even though the communication was nothing close to today's communication with technology, but it was based on literacy. In Article #9, Writing Right, literacy is considered one of the hallmarks of civilization. Without the craving for civilization (people wanting to be civilized), literacy would have never came to part. ?Civilized? people have always considered literacy as division between themselves and barbarians. This perception is used even in today's society because it has been passed down in different forms with the same meaning as it did years before. When you see someone that doesn't look educated, you look down upon him or her as if you were superior to them. Most written language reflects the precise reflection of the speech of the language, while others (like English) are a complete mess. Jared Diamond, the author of this article, even poses the question: Is this alphabetical evolution or just the unequal application of l ogic to literacy? Personally, I think that

Step-by-Step Approach to Astronomy Term Paper Writing

Step-by-Step Approach to Astronomy Term Paper Writing Astronomy is the branch of science that studies celestial objects such as planets, sun, and moon. Writing a term paper helps improve the writer’s knowledge as it promotes critical thinking, organization, and the use of proper structure to effectively provide a quality paper. Some of the integral parts of an astronomy term paper are an excellent structure and a detailed plan (both should be done before the actual writing). Laying out sections in order in which they relate to each other guarantees a smooth flow to the astronomy term paper. One should understand that an astronomy term paper should have an original concept around which all arguments should coalesce. The following is the astronomy term paper guide you can’t ignore. Pre-Writing Tips First, it is essential to understand what ‘pre-writing tips’ are before proceeding to use them. These are the first actions of the writer before he/she actually produces content for an astronomy term paper. These tips help you to improve the quality of the work, build comprehensive content, as well as provide a clear outline of the topic being discussed. It is true that the writers that spend a lot of their time at this phase tend to produce better works in contrast to those who directly tackle the content. Good pre-writing tips should assist the writer to gather adequate information and pieces of evidence before writing the paper. The following are the examples of prewriting tips. Choosing the Topic When writing an academic term paper, it is essential to have a good topic as it helps the author to choose the right direction that his content will follow. Often, professors provide their students with the questions to choose from, and when this happens, it is vital for one to select an appropriate theme based on the background of information one has on the topic. If the writer has to choose the subject, it is advisable to select a theme that attracts his/her interest, is trending or controversial, and that the writer has rudimentary knowledge on. It is also important to pick topics that appeal to the critical thinking of the readers. Examples of these topics are the following: Space Exploration and Its Effects on the Modern Man Influences of Celestial Bodies on the Earth and Its Atmosphere Human Milestones in Space Exploration among Others Dark Matter and Dark Energy Nebulae: What Are They and Where Do They Come from? When one has successfully chosen a topic, it’s time to move to the second pre-writing phase. Brainstorming Brainstorming involves jotting down of topics and issues that are directly or indirectly related to the astronomy term paper topic. This process involves a flow of thoughts and critical thinking. It’s about stringing ideas together to create active content that will be later polished and implemented while writing the astronomy term paper. It is also important to note that some of the points listed down when brainstorming will appear repetitive at this point during the process of writing the article. But there is no problem with that. The reason for this is that they assist the writer in finding other correlated topics before the drafting process where any recurrence is eliminated. Quality Research This point is the most crucial part of writing any academic term paper as it is the part where most content related to the topic is being attained. When conducting research, it is essential to realize that quality trumps quantity. Therefore, all gathered information should be the material contributing to a solid case. All points and topics that were listed down at the brainstorming phase are then used at this stage to create the most convincing evidence for the writer. Research also helps to understand whether the chosen topic is related to the points acquired while brainstorming and whether they are worth proceeding with evidence and content. All information attained while conducting this research should be strictly scholarly and from recent literary and online sources that can be trusted. It is crucial to avoid historical, personal or any other content that might weaken one’s case while conducting research. When researching for the astronomy term paper, other astronomy term paper writing tips greatly assist the writer to produce quality material, for example, thorough note taking and planning. Quality Note Taking This refers to the process of jotting down short notes that remind you of a particular topic or material. Thorough note taking entails the identification of an essential element within an extensive subject and highlighting them for later drafting and/or writing. These points should be readable as well as easy to understand. They may be appearing scattered between different topics and themes and/or lacking a strategic flow at this point of the term paper. But when you arrange them into a paragraph, they should be clear, sensible and precise to the end. As these notes are used after the prewriting phase, it is also crucial to write them with legible handwriting, or they may beat the intended purpose for this step. Detailed and Solid Plan A quality plan refers to the general outline of the paper. This is the final stage of the prewriting phase, and you should carefully adhere to. Otherwise, the term paper will lose its direction. Once you are done with the note taking, the organization of these points and topics into paragraphs commences. When planning for a quality paper, start with your thesis statement that consequently leads to an introductory paragraph. Set aside the information that will constitute to the central part of the article (which is the body), and end with some convincing argumentative sections that complete your term paper. Topic Selection for the Astronomy Term Paper: Lifehacks from Our Experts Astronomy can also be summed up as the study of objects and space beyond the earth atmosphere. Therefore, picking a proper term paper topic should motivate one’s passion for the discipline. A typical astronomy term paper is based on how the space beyond the earth atmosphere interacts with the universe directly or indirectly. Keep in mind that choosing the right topic requires several steps which involve: Searching for the most appropriate subject from a list of possible topics. Most people tend to focus on the controversial astronomy topics or other trending topics within the discipline and forget other issues like how astronomy affects the society, advancement of technology in the field. It is advisable to refer to other sources like magazines, journals as well as Google, and other online sources. Eliminating other topics. Often, the writer is encouraged to take up the most exciting topic. However, it is also important to identify its strength in argument as well as its supporting evidence. The success of the term paper depends on the power of the argumentative narratives with ample evidence and reasons to take the particular stand. Therefore, topics with little or no research content should be eliminated together with any item with weak arguments. Highlighting the most appealing subject. Appealing topics are the ones in line with your passion and have adequate resource materials. However, in identifying which one falls in this category, it is important to ask the following questions: Is the topic modern or dated? What do I know about the topic? Is the subject too extensive or too narrow? When is the topic suitable for discussion? How does the theme fit into the term paper’s objective? Do I have sufficient resource material? After picking and settling on a subject by answering the questions mentioned above, it is acceptable to commence the paper. Formulating a Strong Thesis Statement When the topic of the discussion is obtained, one can formulate a claim that creates a debate within the paper, that is, the thesis statement. A thesis statement is a claim that represents the emphasis of the term paper, commonly slotted as the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. The selected thesis statement must capture the paper’s initial concept while relaying your position on this notion. Depending on the objective of the term paper, the thesis statement usually includes two sentences where the first one presents the topic of the article and the second one communicates a writer’s claim on the specific subject in sentence one. After the formulation of the thesis statement, you can pass it through the following series of questions to identify its relevance. Is the thesis statement original? Is the thesis statement specific or general? Is it evident when I’m presenting my position on the issue of discussion? How does the thesis statement create room for supporting or disputing the claims presented? A thesis statement should be refutable, allowing room for the target audience or other writers to present their arguments. Appropriate Outline to Serve as an Action Plan In an astronomy term paper, a good outline offers a smooth flow of the article due to the organization and presentation of the content. The central part of an academic paper can usually comprise three core parts, which are the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. These divisions are strategically provided to ensure focus on the presentation of arguments, counter-arguments, and replies to the raised protestations. The Introduction This is the opening paragraph of an astronomy term paper, and it serves as the overview of the content. It should successfully present the topic, an argument to be discussed, the intended goal of the writer and should lastly contain the thesis statement as well as its explanation. When organizing the paper, one can choose to write the introductory paragraph first or after writing the main content of the document. This process assists the writer to effectively organize the structure of the paper as well as helps you with reflecting the primary ideas of the article. Depending on the format of the document, it is also advisable to highlight and explain the key terms that are widely used in the paper in this first paragraph. The Body The body of the term paper should effectively present your argument as specified in your introduction. For clear and comprehensive term papers, one should submit cases in separate paragraphs, where each focuses on the main point. There should be the topic sentences needed to introduce these paragraphs, which also indicate the claim or topic discussed in the specific section. All topic sentences should be aligned with not only the paper’s argument but also the thesis statement formulated. The other sentences in the paragraphs are used to provide solid evidence to support the topic sentences. In the documents that comprise subheadings, it is crucial to cluster all themes that are connected comprehensively and systematically for easier analysis and understanding. Presenting Arguments about the Thesis This is also an essential part of the body section. Present and deliver arguments to either support or object the thesis statement in paragraph form with each discussed separately and with sufficient evidence to accompany it. You can provide both experimental and hypothetical support when supporting the thesis. When you choose to oppose the thesis statement, it is important to adequately articulate the original concept first. Each argument should illustrate and prove that you have excellent knowledge and understanding of the topic selected. The Conclusion The conclusion is not only the part where you end your term paper but also an assignment section where you indicate your recommendations for the future research that should be performed. It is also essential to give a brief overview of the arguments in the paper as well as restate the thesis statement while concluding your astronomy term paper. Avoid introducing any new ideas or points in this paragraph as it is the summary of the paper. Post-Writing Tips This part refers to the stage when the term paper is accomplished. This is when the proofreading and the referencing of the term paper should be done. First, ensure the structure, and the organization of the piece is appropriate before you proceed to check the document for the most substantial points of the subject. One should then go through the paper again to ensure there are no grammatical errors and sentence structure issues. When going through the piece, ensure to confirm that the sentences are well-articulated, logical and placed in the correct tense. A systematic arrangement of ideas is essential! Hence, copy editing should involve ensuring there is a smooth flow of ideas and arguments throughout the text. Depending on the instructions, one can offer a list of the sources used while conducting the research. References Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adya, V. B. (2016). GW150914: Implications for the stochastic gravitational-wave background from binary black holes. Physical Review Letters, 116(13), 131102. Belczynski, K., Bulik, T., Fryer, C. L., Ruiter, A., Valsecchi, F., Vink, J. S., Hurley, J. R. (2010). On the maximum mass of stellar black holes. The Astrophysical Journal, 714(2), 1217. Coleman Miller, M., Colbert, E. J. (2004). Intermediate-mass black holes. International Journal of Modern Physics, 13(01), 1-64. Narayan, R. (2005). Black holes in astrophysics. New Journal of Physics, 7(1), 199. Shastri, P. (2017). Black holes in our universe. Resonance, 22(3), 237-244. Ferrarese, L., Merritt, D. (2002). Supermassive black holes. Physics World, 15(6), 41.

3 Examples of Slang in Journalistic Content

3 Examples of Slang in Journalistic Content 3 Examples of Slang in Journalistic Content 3 Examples of Slang in Journalistic Content By Mark Nichol There is always a tension in language usage about achieving a balance between sesquipedalian obfuscation and, um, like, you know, overly casual language. Ultimately, clarity on the writer’s part and fluency on the part of the readership are the key criteria for whether content succeeds in communicating ideas, knowledge, and information, and writers can be flexible about linguistic register based on context. However, it can be unsettling for older readers and those for whom English is not their first language when they read journalistic content online; there is a trend among some news outlets to make content both more accessible and more potent by using slang. Note the following examples, all of which involve vivid verbs: 1. The twenty-year veteran anchor of Today was abruptly canned. Canned, slang for â€Å"discharged from employment† (perhaps from the analogy of putting the terminated employee in a garbage can), can also, in the form can, mean â€Å"score,† as when a scoring attempt in basketball or golf is successful (from comparison of the basket or hole to a can), or â€Å"put a stop to,† as in the dated command â€Å"Can the chatter† (â€Å"Stop talking†), from the notion of containing one’s speech in a can. (As an adjective, canned means â€Å"lacking originality† or â€Å"prepared in advance,† with the notion that a canned speech or canned music, for example, was retrieved ready-made from a can.) 2. The motocross rider must soar over the train and then stick a landing on the hillside across the tracks. Stick, originally employed in reference to executing a flawless landing in a gymnastics competition,  apparently comes from the comparison of the gymnast’s contact with the floor with piercing or stabbing something. Stick may also refer to tricking someone into paying a bill, or overcharging someone, or to baffling or cheating someone, as well as to remaining in place or being halted. 3. They decided to spike the draft when the agency released its guidance in 2014. Similarly, here, spike alludes to the previous practice in clerical routines of impaling a document on a spike when done with it; the term also refers to submitted content that is rejected for publication or to blocking or suppressing information. As a noun, spike is used informally to refer to a sudden sharp increase, as in temperature or power consumption, or prices or rates; this usage is based on the shape of marks made on a graph to represent such a change. In verb form, spike might also pertain to a stimulant added to a substance, or to an analogous figurative addition (as in spiking a speech with jokes). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BEShow, Don't Tell

Nosocomial Infections, Sanitation in Medical Settings Research Paper

Nosocomial Infections, Sanitation in Medical Settings - Research Paper Example This refers to the diseases or infections caused by the hospital environment as a favoring factor. According to the CDC the number of deaths as a result of nosocomial diseases is about 100,000 (Acton, 2013). This infections as commonly caused by bacteria and micro-organisms in the hospital environment. Most common nosocomial diseases include pneumonia infections, urinary tract and blood stream infection. In an argument by WHO (2002) nosocomial infections are mostly caused by the inability of health providers to abide by sanitation regulations. The author further asserts that patient mishandling and practitioner carelessness constitute the largest causing factors of nosocomial infections. The infection’s common route of transmission is direct contact. In this mode of transmission a practitioner may come into contact with a patient with equipment that have not be sanitized, or body to body contact. There infection could also be transmitted through droplet transmission. The droplets may be from a sneeze, cough or talking during sensitive procedures. For instance, a practitioner is required to cover their nose and mouth during surgeries to avoid droplet transmission of infection. Airborne transmission is also a common way nosocomial infection are transmitted. This may be in case or airborne diseases such as tuberculosis. Food, water, devices and medications may also transmit infections if poorly handled. Acton (2013) asserts that simple precautions could be put in place to minimize the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Firstly, sterilization should be done of equipment that are reused in a medical setting. In an instance where a practitioner or a patient put the environment at the risk of infection, isolation should be considered for the person. This would ensure the person does not contaminate the health setting. For the practitioners basic hygiene procedures should be

Laws of Blasphemy and Human Rights Is there a modern connection Essay

Laws of Blasphemy and Human Rights Is there a modern connection - Essay Example At a point when legal developments have come to focus on the excitement created by renewed controversy, the social and cultural significance of the offence and the legal strategies have been questioned. In the course of this paper, I have attempted to examine the law of blasphemy in uncertainties surrounding the impact of secularization and cultural pluralism, which invest it with considerable symbolic consequence. This brings to the fore the recent revival of blasphemy laws through an assessment of the paradoxical nature of its effects, with particular emphasis on those difficulties that have been posed for liberalism as a political philosophy that tries to steer through an era of plurality and harmonious co - existence. In this way, the significance of blasphemy is related to the question of the status of religion in contemporary western societies in context of the appropriate response of the legal machinery of various countries, as well as the conflict that exists between the desire to rationalize the offence and the desire to equalize the protection it affords. Further, in recent times, there have been numerous accounts of the parameters of the law which has sparked a critical analysis of its relationship to laws dealing with the adjacent areas of sedition, obscenity, outrage to public decency and offences against public order. Therefore, dissension over the future of the blasphemy law arises at the intersection of a cluster of intractable debates which have rendered the topic as extremely sensitive and hard to judge. It is now imperative to chart a brief history and evolution of blasphemy to understand the journey of its evolution and how it has come about to be associated with Human Rights in the present day. Having originally been a part of canon law, in the 17th century the offence of blasphemy was declared a common law offence by the Court of King's Bench, punishable by the common law courts. From the 16th century to the mid-19th century, blasphemy against Christianity was held as an offence against common law, apart from being used a legal instrument to persecute atheists, Unitarians, and others. All contumelious reproaches of Jesus Christ, all profane scoffing at the Holy Scriptures, and exposing any part thereof to contempt or ridicule, and finally all blasphemies against God, including denying His being or providence, were punishable by the temporal courts with fine, imprisonment, and corporal punishment. In 1656, the Quaker James Naylor suffered flogging, branding and the piercing of his tongue by a red-hot poker. An act of Edward VI (repealed 1553 and revived 1558) set a punishment of imprisonment for reviling the sacrament of the Last Supper. Further, it was in the 1676 case of Rex v Taylor, when the Lord Chief Justice Sir Matthew Hale stated that "Such kinds of blasphemous words were not only an offence to God and religion, but a crime against the laws, State and Government, and therefore punishable in that Court.... Christianity is parcel of the laws of England and therefore to reproach the Christian religion is to speak in subversion of the law." (www.google.com) Those denying the Trinity were deprived of the benefit of the Act of Toleration by an act of 1688. Commonly called the Blasphemy Act, an act of 1697-1698, stated that if any person, educated in or having

The Sixth Sense Essay Example for Free

The Sixth Sense Essay Night Shyamalan uses symbolism in this film to give it a creepy atmosphere. The names of most of the characters are symbolic, they relate to things that are dark and may reflect to the personality of the person. For example, Dr. Malcolm Crowe, his last name is Crowe like a crow, which is the symbol of evil or dark, dead things, and in the end he is dead. Cole’s name is symbolic because of Cole, which is like cold which is what happens when ghosts get angry; Sear his last name is symbolic because it is like the word seer which is a person that is a visionary or someone that can see things that others can’t, like Cole. Vincent’s name is symbolic because his name is the same as the famous Vincent Van Gogh, a painter that was insane and ended up shooting himself like Vincent Grey; Grey is symbolic because grey is the color of being in between, it’s the color of neither black nor white, being in the middle of two worlds as Vincent Grey was. Lastly, in â€Å"The Sixth Sense† M. Night Shyamalan uses motif to explain extreme emotional pain that can be damaging to someone. Red is a big significance in the movie because when something is about to go wrong, the color red appears. When something frightening is about to happen somewhere on the screen, the color red appears. Another example of motif is the white hair on the back of Vincent and Cole’s head, because some hair on trauma victims goes white. By Shyamalan having Vincent and Cole sharing this feature, it shows a deep connection between them. Using symbolism and motif people are able to figure out the ending of the movie before it ends. Dr. Malcolm Crowe has been dead for the entire movie, and Cole Sear is able to deal with his problems. Dr. Crowe came to Cole to help him with his problem with being afraid of ghosts, but Cole also helped Dr. Crowe by helping him to move on. When Dr. Crowe spoke to his wife while she was sleeping he was able to figure out that he was dead because he saw his wife’s breath. Works Cited The Sixth Sense. Dir. M. Night Shyamalan. Perf. Bruce Willis, Haley Joel Osment. 1999. DVD. Buena Vista, 1999. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Sixth Sense. 6 Dec. 2006. 9 Dec. 2006.

The Changing Character Hamlet in Act II and Act IV of Shakespeares Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

The Changing Character Hamlet in Act II and Act IV of Shakespeare's Hamlet In Shakespeare's Hamlet, although the character Hamlet makes similar points about himself in the soliloquies of Act II and Act IV, he seems to be less self-blaming and more in control of his emotions in the Act IV soliloquy. In the Act IV soliloquy, Hamlet is less self-blaming and more in control of his emotions. In Act II Hamlet blames himself for the delay in his revenge, "O, what a rouge and peasant slave am I!" (2:2:519). He also seems to be more self-abusive in his expressions, "Why, what an ass am I!" (2:2:553). Hamlet's deep depression is expressed through his comparison of himself to the lowest and most worthless things he can think of. However, in the Act IV soliloquy, Hamlet uses logic to reason his delay in killing Claudius, "How all occasions do inform against me and spur my dull revenge!" (4:4:32). While he is still a bit emotional, he is less self-abusive and more in control of his feelings, "How stand I then, that have a father killed, a mother stained." (4:4:56). Hamlet's reproach of his actions is gentler and less derogatory. He uses reason to explain how certain occasions have delayed him rather than blaming himself for backing out on his plans. In both soliloquies Hamlet makes comparisons between himself and other characters. In Act II he compares himself to an actor and in Act IV he compares himself to Fortinbras. In both soliloquies Hamlet uses the comparisons to put himself down for not carrying out his actions. In Act II Hamlet is angry with himself because he doesn't understand how an actor can get so emotional over a speech that he is reading, while Hamlet, who is actually in the real situation, is passive in his emotions, "Is it not monstrous that this player here, but in a fiction, in a dream of passion, could force his soul so to his own conceit." (2:2:520). In Act IV Hamlet expresses admiration for Fortinbras' courage and ambition to succeed and to fight for his name and honor, (".led by a delicate and tender prince, whose spirit, with divine ambition puffed." (4:4:48). Although both comparisons are different, both the actor and Fortinbras serve as role-models to Hamlet. He looks up to their actions to spur his am bition for revenge. At the end of each soliloquy Hamlet reaches a state of resolution, in which he seeks to find certain truths about himself and the outside world.

Proposal for IPS

Current Issues and Challenges for Stakeholders We can identify the stakeholders as the primary users (management, staff and customers) of the Simple Gateway network which are affected by the deferent issues noted in the RFC. The issues and challenges are a. Document Versions Primarily affects office and management staff that receive data and make decisions based on incorrect information. The number of errors that happen due to multiple versions of documents and forms floating around the sites increase inconsistencies.Business processes rely on consistency and having no set process for document concurrent version system (C.V.) or single point of file access affects the tasks employees perform. B. Storage Localization Collaboration In the current environment affects all stakeholders as well as business outcomes. A network using a non-centralized storage layout makes these tasks difficult. Non-centralized storage is expensive to setup, maintain, and manage. Issues related to ownership, management, and version control are also created due to this.The information retrieval process is being an impediment to the efficiency of he staff and the work they perform. C. Human Resources Processes Staff benefits are being affected by manual request processing. Sick leaves, vacation time and other common HRS tasks are affecting employee's satisfaction with the employer and more than likely generating feelings that also affects performance and good doltishly to server customers. II – Performance Comparison KIP Current Environment Proposed Environment Document Versions and Data Sharing Multiple versions are passed between office staff.Incorrect information is used to make business decisions. Site files are stored on local filibuster. Sharing Is done via email. Enterprise storage will be centralized wealth Office ass's One Drive, helping in business decision making. Stakeholders will have access to the latest document version available. Administrative Tasks Management Sick leave or vacation requests are paper-based and slow. Forms and other workflow documents used by staff will be available within Office ass's Sharpening module, automating the submission and reducing response times. Servers Each office operates Its own file and email servers.Centralization of data and as management overhead. Productivity Suite Latest edition of office will be used. Ill – Recommendations Latest edition of office is used. For the centralization of documents and forms at Simple Gateways, the proposed solution is Microsoft Office 365 for the Enterprise. Office 365 is a web-based, workup collaboration and office productivity suite that provides access to centralized storage across the locations using common web browser applications. It includes tools such as Sharpening, Exchange, and Noontide for Business for shared storage.Office 365 is offered as a AAAS (Software as a Service). Office 365 delivers the same features of locally hosted services without the associate d overhead of managing a server infrastructure. The management flexibility ensures that control and security are retained for compliance requirements and is enhanced by providing centralized storage. Some of the advantages of the solution are: a. Cross Device Accessibility: Office 365 has mobile APS that the access and interaction with the platform easy wherever the user connects from and across various devices b.Management Easiness: The administration console allows for easy management of policies and security of the content and features within Office 365. Automated maintenance ensure an always up-to-date with the latest features with minimal downtime c. Enterprise grade reliability and standards: Features state-of- the-art user account control, premier disaster recovery capabilities, expert monitoring and support, geographically-distributed hosting decanters with continuous data backup and redundancy. To comply with the human resources needs presented in the RFC, a Human CapitalMa nagement (HCI) solution is recommended. For this, Epicure's Spectrum HCI has been selected. Epicure's web-based HRS software provides a comprehensive solution for workforce and benefits management, offering employees direct access to view and control their own human resource information. The solution includes: Human resources management Performance management Talent management Benefits and absence tracking Payroll IV- Solution Justification same time, these solutions are provided through the familiar interface of a web- browser which reduces the learning curve.

A Comparative Look at the Japanese Healthcare System

A Comparative Look at the Japanese Healthcare Systems The Japanese health care system is one of the most efficient in the world. In fact, it is so efficient that the people of Japan have the highest life expectancy rate of any other country in the world (The Economist, 2011). Life expectancy at birth was 83 years in 2009 ; 79. 6 for males and 86. 4 years for females (Wikipedia, 2012). The Japanese government has been able to accomplish this through strict regulations and policies.Although this system has worked for the people of Japan since its institution in 1961, heir healthcare system is now facing financial ruins if changes are not implemented in the near future. It is my intent to explore why the Japanese health system has been able to function in a cost effective way and how it affects health outcomes. Japan has a universal health system called kaihoken (The Economist, 2011). Citizens are required to get insurance. Most people get it through their employers and are responsible for paying10%, 20%, or 30% of their healthcare costs depending on their family size and income.The government covers the difference (Wikipedia, 2012). If a itizen cannot get coverage through an employer then they have the option of participating in a national health insurance program that is managed by the local government (Wikipedia, 2012). Japanese citizens are free to go to any physician or healthcare facility that they want and cannot be denied treatment (Wikipedia, 2012). Because of this freedom, Japanese citizens visit the doctor four times more than the average American does in a year (Wikipedia, 2012). Japan has strict regulations on the healthcare system that allows them to keep their costs down.Japan has about the owest per capita health care costs among the advanced nations of the world, at around $2,873 (Arnquist, 2009). They are able to do this for many reasons. The first being they set a fixed price for services and medications with physicians every two years. This way there is no question about what their compensation will be (Harden, 2009). Also, administrative costs are four times lower than they are in the United States, partly because insurance companies cannot set rates for treatment or deny claims. It is against the law for them to make profits or advertise to attract low-risk, igh-profit clients (Harden, 2009).The downside to all of this is physicians in Japan are overworked and underpaid, making an average of about $125,000 by the time they are midway into their careers (The Economist, 2011). There is evidence that physicians and hospitals compensate for minimal reimbursement rates by providing more services. This is acceptable because the fee-for-service system does not limit the supply ot care comprehensively. Japan's physicians oversee almost three times as many consultations a year as their colleagues in other developed countries do. There s also a shortage of physicians within Japan, especially those who practice specialty medicine. In Japan, physicians who practice primary care makes more money than their colleagues who practice highly specialized care (Arnquist, 2009). This is the complete opposite from American doctors. Some other issues that the Japanese healthcare system faces are an aging population and an overutilization of services. As stated earlier, Japan has the highest life expectancy rate in the world. This also means that the government will have to take care of more of their citizens' medical eeds for an extended period of time. It is estimated that by 2050 two-fifths of the population will be over the age of 65 (The Economist, 2011).With an aging population and low birth rates, this puts a substantial strain on government spending. Another problem that Japan faces is an overutilization of services. By this I mean citizens are much more likely to go see a physician for minor illnesses because there are no restrictions on which they can see at any time, without proof of medical necessity and with full insurance coverage (Henke et. al. , 2009). Since everyone has access to edical care, long wait times in physician offices and overcrowding in emergency rooms are commonplace.A report has shown that more than 14,000 emergency patients were rejected at least three times by hospitals in Japan before getting treatment (Wikipedia, 2012). The average length of a hospital stay is two to three times as long in Japan as in other developed countries (Henke et. al. , 2009). In contrast, the U. S. has a lower life expectancy than Japan at 78. 7 years (CDC, 2010). This is in large part to our high obesity rates and unhealthy lifestyles. The older population, those persons aged 65 years and older, makes up about 12. % of the U. S. population (AOA, 2013).Both Japan and the U. S. have seen declines in their birthrates. But unlike Japan, Americans are less likely to seek medical care for minor ailments such as the Japanese. This is due to the fact that a large number of Americans have little to none insurance coverage. Those that do have coverage often have copays. Another vast difference between the two healthcare systems is the insurance regulations that many Americans encounter. It is not an uncommon practice for insurance companies to deny patients claims and not cover certain medical treatment.The patients are then forced to appeal the claim, pay out of pocket, or simply do without the treatment that they needed. One would think that because the Japanese have so much access to health services that their health outcomes would be above average. This is not always the case. The physician shortage means long wait times and shorter consultations. Those that have complicated medical cases often do not get the proper amount of medical attention (The Economist, 2011). The Japanese are only a quarter as likely as Americans to suffer a heart attack, but twice as likely to die if they do (The Economist, 2011).An oversaturation of hospitals also affects health outcomes. Research has shown that health outcomes are better when the centers and physicians responsible for procedures perform large quantities of them. Because Japan has so many hospitals, very few are able to achieve this (Henke et. al. , 2009). The small scale of most Japanese hospitals also means that they are inadequately equipped with intensive- care and other specialized units. Very few Japanese hospitals have oncology units. Theretore, a number ot ditterent departments in each hospi tal deliver care tor cancer Henke et. l. , 2009). In the U. S. physicians and nurse are required are certain number of Continuing Education hours every few years in order to renew their license. This helps them stay current with medical practices and sharpens their skills. In Japan, once a doctor or nurse is licensed, they are no longer required to further their education. There is no central agency oversees the quality of these physicians' training nor are there criteria for board certification in specialties (H enke et. al. , 2009). Despite some flaws, the Japanese healthcare system is able to do many hings well.For one, the Japanese system is quite proficient in chronic care, particularly due to the fact that it has so many older people. Along with appropriate medical care, Japan also provides long-term care to all older people who need it through a public insurance system that started in 2000 (Henke et. al. , 2009). In Japan, a person's income does not influence the quantity and quality of medical care that they receive. Premiums and out-of-pocket costs are minor concerns for most people, and those whom have a low-income and the elderly receive subsidies to afford care Arnquist, 2009).

Taxation reflective Journals Essay Example

Taxation reflective Journals Essay Example Taxation reflective Journals Essay Taxation reflective Journals Essay Essay Topic: Reflective In an attempt to enable productivity and Innovation, PICK+ scheme for small ND medium enterprises (Seems) was Introduced by the Government, and along with other measures such as the extension of financial schemes for companies at different growing stages. One of the measures Is the extension of the RD tax Incentive for a longer timeshare of 10 years In hope of yelling successful results from the businesses innovation activities. The move for extending the tax Incentive Is essential as in a global perspective, there is a strong competition for R activities. In 2013, Singapore economy has achieved a significant 4. 1%, so as to further strengthen the imitativeness of the economy in 2014, especially in the financial services sector, Government introduced measures that focus on tax certainty and maintain a level- playing for Singapore-incorporated banks which issue Basel Ill Additional Tier 1 instruments, and such instruments will be treated as debt for tax purposes. Additionally, enhancing and refining the tax incentive schemes for qualifying funds promotes the fund management sector in Singapore. Lastly, Budget 2014 aims to achieve a fair and equitable society, and financial assistance in education for hillier from lower income households is one example, as well as the generous Pioneer Generation Package, an 8 billion initiative to salute those who helped in nation building. Applicable Laws 1 . Extension of Productivity Innovation Credit Scheme Currently, businesses can enjoy 400% tax deductions/allowances on up to $400,000 of their qualifying expenditure per year. However, to continue encourage businesses in Investments on innovation activities and productivity, the PICK scheme Is further extended to 2018. This extension is appropriate and deemed as an essential approach which aims to attain a positive Impact to Singapore economy as whole where businesses are provided with a substantial amount of time to achieve long- term sustainability in productivity enhancements. On top of the extension, PICK+ was proposed by the minister to support Seems where the capped of qualifying expenses Is Increased from $400,000 to $600,000. For Seems, this will be definitely served as a booster for their business expansion and restructure as more substantial Investments are being made. Taxation reflective Journals By Chihuahua Lie asthma S3420690 HP: 92336485 Budget 2014 has witnessed the effort from Government in the economic restructuring path by extending and refining tax incentives to boost productivity and promote innovation so as to sustain its competitiveness in the economy. At the same time, several measures were introduced to build an inclusive social structure of Singapore by providing financial support to the senior citizens and the lower income groups. In an attempt to enable productivity and innovation, PICK+ scheme for small and medium enterprises (Seems) was introduced by the Government, and along with growing stages. One of the measures is the extension of the R tax incentive for a longer timeshare of 10 years in hope of yielding successful results from the businesses innovation activities. The move for extending the tax incentive is essential investments on innovation activities and productivity, the PICK scheme is further approach which aims to attain a positive impact to Singapore economy as whole proposed by the minister to support Seems where the capped of qualifying expenses is increased from $400,000 to $600,000. For Seems, this will be definitely served as a investments are being made.

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan The period between 1750 and 1914 was pivotal in world history, and particularly in East Asia. China had long been the only superpower in the region, secure in the knowledge that it was the Middle Kingdom around which the rest of the world pivoted. Japan, cushioned by stormy seas, held itself apart from its Asian neighbors much of the time  and had developed a unique and inward-looking culture. Beginning in the 18th century, however, both Qing China and Tokugawa Japan faced a new threat: imperial expansion by the European powers and later the United States. Both countries responded with growing nationalism, but their versions of nationalism had different focuses and outcomes. Japans nationalism was aggressive and expansionist, allowing Japan itself to become one of the imperial powers in an astonishingly short amount of time. Chinas nationalism, in contrast, was reactive and disorganized, leaving the country in chaos and at the mercy of foreign powers until 1949. Chinese Nationalism In the 1700s, foreign traders from Portugal, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and other countries sought to trade with China, which was the source of fabulous luxury products like silk, porcelain, and tea. China allowed them only in the port of Canton  and severely restricted their movements there. The foreign powers wanted access to Chinas other ports and to its interior. The First and Second Opium Wars (1839-42 and 1856-60) between China and Britain ended in humiliating defeat for China, which had to agree to give foreign traders, diplomats, soldiers, and missionaries access rights. As a result, China fell under economic imperialism, with different western powers carving out spheres of influence in Chinese territory along the coast. It was a shocking reversal for the Middle Kingdom. The people of China blamed their rulers, the Qing emperors, for this humiliation, and called for the expulsion of all foreigners - including the Qing, who were not Chinese but ethnic Manchus from Manchuria. This groundswell of nationalist and anti-foreigner feeling led to the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64). The charismatic leader of the Taiping Rebellion, Hong Xiuquan, called for the ouster of the Qing Dynasty, which had proved itself incapable of defending China and getting rid of the opium trade. Although the Taiping Rebellion did not succeed, it did severely weaken the Qing government. The nationalist feeling continued to grow in China after the Taiping Rebellion was put down. Foreign Christian missionaries fanned out in the countryside, converting some Chinese to Catholicism or Protestantism, and threatening traditional Buddhist and Confucian beliefs. The Qing government raised taxes on ordinary people to fund half-hearted military modernization, and pay war indemnities to the western powers after the Opium Wars. In 1894-95, the people of China suffered another shocking blow to their sense of national pride. Japan, which had at times been a tributary state of Chinas in the past, defeated the Middle Kingdom in the First Sino-Japanese War  and took control of Korea. Now China was being humiliated not only by the Europeans and Americans  but also by one of their nearest neighbors, traditionally a subordinate power. Japan also imposed war indemnities  and occupied the Qing emperors homeland of Manchuria. As a result, the people of China rose up in anti-foreigner fury once more in 1899-1900. The Boxer Rebellion began as equally anti-European and anti-Qing, but soon the people and the Chinese government joined forces to oppose the imperial powers. An eight-nation coalition of the British, French, Germans, Austrians, Russians, Americans, Italians, and Japanese defeated both the Boxer Rebels and the Qing Army, driving Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu out of Beijing. Although they clung to power for another decade, this was really the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty fell in 1911, the Last Emperor Puyi abdicated the throne, and a Nationalist government under Sun Yat-sen took over. However, that government did not last long, and China slipped into a decades-long civil war between the nationalists and the communists that only ended in 1949 when Mao Zedong and the Communist Party prevailed. Japanese Nationalism For 250 years, Japan existed in quiet and peace under the Tokugawa Shoguns (1603-1853). The famed samurai warriors were reduced to working as bureaucrats and writing wistful poetry  because there were no wars to fight. The only foreigners allowed in Japan were a handful of Chinese and Dutch traders, who were confined to an island in Nagasaki Bay. In 1853, however, this peace was shattered when a squadron of American steam-powered warships under Commodore Matthew Perry showed up in Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay) and demanded the right to refuel in Japan. Just like China, Japan had to allow foreigners in, sign unequal treaties with them, and allow them extraterritorial rights on Japanese soil. Also like China, this development sparked anti-foreign and nationalist feelings in the Japanese people and caused the government to fall. However, unlike China, the leaders of Japan took this opportunity to thoroughly reform their country. They quickly turned it from an imperial victim to an aggressive imperial power in its own right. With Chinas recent Opium War humiliation as a warning, the Japanese started with a complete overhaul of their government and social system. Paradoxically, this modernization drive centered around the Meiji Emperor, from an imperial family that had ruled the country for 2,500 years. For centuries, however, the emperors had been figureheads, while the shoguns wielded actual power. In 1868, the Tokugawa Shogunate was abolished and the emperor took the reins of government in the Meiji Restoration. Japans new constitution also did away with the feudal social classes, made all of the samurai and daimyo into commoners, established a modern conscript military, required basic elementary education for all boys and girls, and encouraged the development of heavy industry. The new government convinced the people of Japan to accept these sudden and radical changes by appealing to their sense of nationalism; Japan refused to bow to the Europeans, they would prove that Japan was a great, modern power, and Japan would rise to be the Big Brother of all of the colonized and down-trodden peoples of Asia. In the space of a single generation, Japan became a major industrial power with a well-disciplined modern army and navy. This new Japan shocked the world in 1895 when it defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War. That was nothing, however, compared to the complete panic that erupted in Europe when Japan beat Russia (a European power!) in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Naturally, these amazing David-and-Goliath victories fueled further nationalism, leading some of the people of Japan to believe that they were inherently superior to other nations. While nationalism helped to fuel Japans incredibly quick development into a major industrialized nation and an imperial power  and helped it fend off the western powers, it certainly had a dark side as well. For some Japanese intellectuals and military leaders, nationalism developed into fascism, similar to what was happening in the newly-unified European powers of Germany and Italy. This hateful and genocidal ultra-nationalism led Japan down the road to military overreach, war crimes, and eventual defeat in World War II.

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The History And Background Of Positivism Philosophy Essay

The History And Background Of Positivism Philosophy Essay French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798 ~ 1857) has been known as the father of modern discipline of sociology and founder of positivism theory. Even though his popularity has seen a declining trend in the past several decades, nevertheless he was very popular until the beginning of 20th century. His thought was so popular that the Latin American country, such as Brazil and Mexico made Comtes thought as their national motto. The Brazilians are still proud of Ordem e Progresso (Order and Progress) embossed on their national flag. The followers of Comte were equally active in England, America, Turkey and other parts of the world. Comtes views on the concept of positivism have been explained in his book The  Course on Positive Philosophy  (1830-1842) which spreads over six volumes. The original French has been translated by Harriet Martineau into English which is titled as  The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte. The first three volumes of the Course primarily deals with already existing physical sciences, like mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology and the next two volumes in succession explains about social science, as the next logical science after the physical sciences. He observed the phenomena of circular dependency between theory and observation in physical sciences which helped him to reach to the conclusion that the science of society is no different from other natural sciences. Comtes View on Evolution of Humanity One of the most important pillar on which the positivism philosophy stands is the general law of the three stages. By advocating the law of the three stages, Comte explains that, in its quest for truth the society passes through three successive evolution phases. Here Comtes idea has striking similarity with Karl Marxs view of a human society peaking with a utopian socialistic class-less society. However, it is not surprising as both Marx and Comte were highly influenced by the famous utopian sociologist of the time, Henri de Saint Simon, who was also the mentor of Comte for some time. The law of three stages states that in the natural process of evolution of the society, the humanity goes through three stages: the theological, the metaphysical and the positive. The theological stage is the necessary starting point in the evolution process of mankind, whereas the positive state is the natural stage where humanity ought to be and the intermediary metaphysical stage is a transitory phase necessary for the transition from the first to the third stage. In the theological stage, the human society was completed based on divine ideas and humanitys whole hearted belief in all things in reference to the God. During this stage, instead of relying on its rational ability to seek truth behind human existence, the humanity completely accepted the principles of the place of worship. In terms of material development of humanity, this stage corresponds to the rise of militarism. During the metaphysical stage of human evolution, in its quest for the causes of natural phenomena, humanity explained them as the result of the supernatural interventions and abstract entities. According to Comte, this stage corresponds to the time since the Enlightenment till the aftermath of French Revolution and the most important feature of this period is respect for the universal rights of humanity. He believed that there are certain rights inherent to humanity which must be respected. This is the phase when various forms of governances rose and fell, all with the primary of objective of safeguarding the rights inherent to humanity. The natural process of human evolution culminates with the scientific or the positive stage when human mind no longer seek the causes for various natural phenomena, instead it limit itself to various scientific laws governing them. The primary belief of this stage is that individual rights are the supreme and humanitys ability to govern itself in its free will is what makes this stage different from other stages. According to Comte, these three stages are the fundamental rules upon which the society and its development are based. All the three stages must be completed in successive manner and without the complete understanding of the former; the later cant just come into existence. According to Comte, understanding the past is very critical because only through the thorough understanding of the past the future could be built and the transition from proceeding stage to the next one would be possible. So the concept of continuous progression or social evolution was the main theme of the concept of positivism. Further, he believes that the history of one science is of no use unless it is used for the study of the development of humanity as whole. So in nutshell the social evolution theory presented by Comte is of the opinion that humanity passes through different stages through which it acquires intellectual advancements and the whole process culminates with the positive or the scientific stage. However, Comtes social evolution theory is flawed due to one basic reason. That is the final positivist stage assumes attainment of complete understanding about the universe by the humanity which is impossible in reality. Because humanity continues using the existing scien tific knowledge to know more and more and the process never ends. In that sense, humanity can never attain the so called positivist stage when there is nothing left for the humanity to know. Comtes View of the Classification of Sciences Apart from the three stages of social evolution of humanity, the 2nd most important pillar on which the theory of positivism rests on is the classification of sciences. In the first three volumes of The Course on Positive Philosophy, Comte has thoroughly examined the five fundamental sciences mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology and has classified in that sequence. Comte is of the view that each discipline is closely related to the preceding one and the complete development of the former gives birth to the later. After the complete development of the natural sciences, then came the queen science, which is Sociology. He has dedicated the remaining two volumes of the Course to sociology, which according to Comte is the culmination of all sciences. The natural sciences had to come first, so that humanity could use the knowledge of other sciences toward the most complex science of sociology. The classification of the sciences has been done in a manner of shifting from simplicity toward complexity. Mathematics is the simplest among all the sciences, in the sense that it is objective oriented with absence of subjectivity and at the extreme end there is sociology, which is highly subjective making it the most complex. Moreover, if we look at the historical aspect of the development of these disciplines, astronomy requires mathematics, similarly chemistry requires physics. In other words, development of each science requires the knowledge of the preceding discipline and the full-fledged development of the former leads to the development of the later. However, according to Comte, other branches of science, like zoology, botany, etc. are simply not science because they are yet to develop completely to be called as science. As Peter Halfpenny says in his book, Positivism and Sociology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦positivism is a unity of science thesis, according to which all sciences can be integrated into a single natural system.  [3]  Not to mention that among the various classifications of sciences proposed till date, the classification as advocated by Comte is still very popular all over the world. Comte was not the first individual to think about the scientific study of social phenomena. He was highly influenced by the ideas devised by Hume, Kant and his mentor Saint-Simon for new philosophy of positivism. However, there is no doubt that Comte broadens and systematized the study of sociology to great extent. The Social Physics as he called it first, sociology was divided into two main areas, social statistics and social dynamics. While the first branch concerns about the forces keeping the society together, the later mainly concentrates on causal aspect of social changes. In his later career, when he was criticized by scholars like J.S. Mill as the bad Comte (in contrast to the good Comte during his first phase of his career), came up with the idea of ideal positivist society based on altruistic ideals in his System of Positive Polity. He established Religion of Humanity with the intellectual sociologists as its priests. He was of the opinion that in the industrially developed positivist society, the actual administration would be in the hands of businessmen, the sociologists would be guide and model of public morality and finally the women would be entrusted with the task of maintaining private morality. He has been severely criticised for going against his law of three stages, by moving towards a theological ideology by establishing a new religion. Moreover, his support of elite administration and indifference towards democratic set-up, etc. are also target of criticism. Nevertheless, Comtes view of sociology as the study of human society and positivist methodology of social research still remains his remarkable contribution. As Frederic Harrison commented in his 1901 article that Positivism at once a philosophy, a polity and a religion all three harmonized by the idea of a supreme Humanity, all three concentrated on the good and progress of Humanity.  [4]  In fact positivism is perhaps the only philosophy ever came with a complete set of principl es concerning social reorganization and religious observance. Post-Comte Positivism Comtes positivist philosophy became popular with the foundation of The Positivist Review by Emile Littre in 1867. The Whig writer Harriet Martineau translated many of Comtes works into English, after which English followers of positivism increased. While George Elliot appreciated Comtes Religion of Humanity, Spencer was highly influenced by the positivist idea of to formulate his social Darwinistic philosophy. French social scientist Emile Durkheim, even though critical of many of Comtes positivist principles, his methodology to study sociology has its origin in Comtes positivism. Durkheim and Positivism Establishment of sociology as an independent branch of knowledge and academic discipline is the most important contribution of French social scientist Emile Durkheim. He is credited with establishment of first Department of Sociology in the University of Bordeaux in 1895. Though he rejected much of the ideas of Comtes positivism, he completely accepted that sociology is the continuation of the natural sciences and its study must be based on objectivity, causality and rationality. In his The Rules of Sociological Methods published in French in 1895, he clearly indicated two principles for sociology to be called as a science. Firstly, it must concern about a particular object of study (social facts) and secondly, an objective scientific method must be used for the study without prejudice and subjective judgment.  [5]  In his book Suicide (1897) Durkheim attempted to prove that Catholic Christians have a lower suicide rate than the Protestants, through collection of social facts, su ch as suicide rate and membership of different religious faiths and their statistical treatment. Collection of social facts, according to Durkheim is the fundamental objective of sociology. He believed Comtes scientific approach is not suitable to study human society, instead he felt the need for a different sociological scientific approach, for which he developed the concept of sui generis or the social facts to study the suicide trend based on cultural aspect. About the question of objectivity of the sociologist, he believed observation must be impartial and impersonal and hence social facts must be studied in relation to other social facts instead of in relation to the observer. Durkheims positivism has been criticised for oversimplification, because he refuted the Comteian idea of applying same scientific approach to study both natural as well as social sciences. Nevertheless, Durkheim is the founder of practical sociological research in its modern sense as we know it today. Anti-positivism In the beginning of the 20th century German sociologists started the concept of anti-positivist, which was of the opinion that social sciences and natural sciences are essentially different from each other epistemologically and hence the approach to study natural sciences cannot be applied to social sciences. On contrary to the Comteian objective approach, they proposed a subjective approach in order to study social phenomena. It was of the opinion that social scientists must reject the empiricism and scientific methodology in order to study sociology. This view was further developed by Max Weber who for the first time used the term anti-positivism. He subscribed to the positivist idea of sociology being called as a science because it confirms to the principle of causal relationship. However, he believed that society, being different from the natural world, must be studied using special tools and methods concentrating on humans and their cultural values and proposed critical analysis and verstehen methodology in order to study sociology. Karl Marxs theory of historical materialism and critical sociology, which was actually based on positivism, further boosts the anti-positivism movement. Logical Positivism Logical positivism, also known as neo-positivism or logical empiricism, is another philosophy with its origin in the Comteian positivism and it accepted empiricism or evidence from observation as indispensable in order to study social phenomena. But it also felt the need of a rational approach, because observation if not the only source of human knowledge. Logical positivism grew before the 1st World War by the members of the First Vienna Circle presided by Moritz Schlick. Logical positivists emphasized on public experimental verification rather than individual experience and completely refuted the idea of metaphysics, as it is not empirically verifiable, hence meaningless and believed that all worthwhile knowledge about the world must be codifiable in a single language common to all the sciences. The logical positivists idea of a codifiable single language came from Austrian- British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, which advocated for a strong criterion of verifiability, was later criticised by Karl Popper, who proposed to replace the same with the criterion of falsifiability. Criticism of Positivism The positivism as conceived by Comte was criticized on several grounds. First, Comtes viewed the positivist stage as the ultimate stage of human knowledge and once achieved, it will continue to be that. However, he could not foresee that scientific knowledge will lead to further growth in scientific knowledge, inventions and discoveries and in that sense humanity may never achieved that ultimate positivist stage at all. In fact, H. B. Acton goes on to the extent of saying the possibility of a Fourth Stage of human knowledge.  [6]  Similarly Anthony Giddens observed Comtes theory as circular that since humanity constantly uses science to bring new things, so humanity never goes beyond the second metaphysical stage.  [7]   Moreover, positivism has been criticised by several philosophers on the grounds of its practicality, methodology and religious aspects. Max Horkheimer, the Frankfort School director, criticised positivism, firstly it falsely represented human social action and secondly positivism being politically conservative proving as a hindrance towards political emancipation of humanity. The first criticism argues that, positivism ignored the role of the observer in the context of social reality and thereby ignores the truth that the so called social facts are in fact conditioned by social and historical realities. The representation of social facts is already determined by social and historical human consciousness. Secondly, he argued that political conservatism actually lead to status quo instead of challenging it. Horkheimer instead proposed critical theory which is reflexive in nature to understand about the extent of social reality represented by traditional positivistic philosophy as false .  [8]  Further, positivism has been criticised on philosophical grounds that it emphasized only on the sensory experiences or empiricism, but ignored the abstract ideas, laws and principles, which constitute a vital part of human knowledge. Nevertheless, positivism is still remains as an active concept in the present day. Comtes belief of sociology as the scientific study of human being is still accepted by all the modern sociologists.